Kakao – Cacao

What is Cacao?

Cacao belongs to the Malvaceae family, which also includes other familiar plants like hibiscus, okra, and cotton. The genus name Theobroma literally translates to “food of the gods” in Greek, highlighting the plant’s esteemed status.

Indonesia is a major force in global cocoa production, contributing significantly to the world’s chocolate supply. Over 95% of Indonesia’s cocoa is grown by smallholder farmers, each typically managing 2 hectares of land or less.

While Sulawesi is the heart of Indonesian cocoa production (contributing to 75% of national production), cacao farming also thrives in North Sumatra, West Java, Papua, and other islands like Bali and Flores.

A Brief History of Indonesian Cacao

Cacao, the source of chocolate, was introduced to Indonesia in the 17th century. Over time, it has become a vital crop, cultivated primarily by smallholder farmers across the archipelago.  

Key Growing Regions

Cacao thrives in Indonesia’s tropical climate, with key growing regions including:

• West Java
• Sulawesi  
• North Sumatra  
• East Kalimantan  
• Papua  

Types of Cacao in Indonesia

Indonesia cultivates several cacao varieties, including:

• Criollo: Known for its exceptional flavor and aroma, though it’s less disease-resistant and has lower yields. 
• Forastero: The most common type, known for its hardiness and high yields, though with a less complex flavor profile.
• Trinitario: A hybrid of Criollo and Forastero, combining desirable traits from both.

Can you eat cacao by itself?

Yes, you absolutely can eat cacao by itself! On the farm we might find some fresh cacao to taste. Cacao beans have a more intense bitterness taste, with a slightly fruity and earthy flavor.

Which country grows the most cacao?

Here are the top 10 countries that produce the most cacao:

1. Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast): This West African nation is the world’s leading cacao producer, responsible for roughly 40% of global production.
2. Ghana: Also located in West Africa, Ghana is the second-largest cacao producer. Cacao beans are a major export for the country.  
3. Indonesia: This Southeast Asian archipelago is a significant player in the cacao market, ranking third globally.  
4. Ecuador: Known for its high-quality “Arriba” cacao beans, Ecuador is a key producer in South America.  
5. Cameroon: Another West African country, Cameroon contributes substantially to the world’s cacao supply.  
6. Nigeria: Nigeria is a major agricultural producer in Africa, and cacao is one of its important crops.  
7. Brazil: Historically a major cacao producer, Brazil’s production has fluctuated but remains significant in South America.
8. Peru: With a focus on fine-flavor cacao, Peru is an important producer in the Andes region.  
9. Dominican Republic: This Caribbean nation is known for its organic cacao production.  
10. Colombia: Recovering from past challenges, Colombia is increasing its cacao production with a focus on quality.

Sourcing Indonesian Cacao

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